Friday, December 27, 2019

The Fundamental Law Of Nature And Government - 2140 Words

In this essay I will be arguing that the prerogative is a right that is needed by the executive branch in order to fulfill the fundamental law of nature and government: the preservation of all of its members. So long as the fiduciary grant is meant to achieve this goal it has the right to be exercised at the discretion of its user. This argument will discuss the nature of the prerogative, its necessity, and its justification for use. This will be supported with evidence from Locke’s Second Treatise of Government. The prerogative is not an abusive instrument that is meant to subverts the laws society; it is a tool meant to adhere with utmost urgency to the fundamental law of society: doing what is best for the people and their property. It is meant to ensure that not even its own laws can do harm to the citizens it so righteously protects. The enshrinement of this ideal is founded on the social contract all members of civil society enter into when they become a part of society. This contract is created from something as well; the law that governed man in its original state of nature, reason. Locke asserts that man was born into the world in a perfect state of freedom to order his own actions. He is capable of reciprocal jurisdiction without consent from any outside influence. Abiding by the law of nature he came to find that all men were independent and equal by divine will. Since God had created all men they would be his property, and thus all would be held in the sameShow MoreRelatedEssay about John Locke ´s Flawless Government860 Words   |  4 Pagesagainst all, and creates pandemonium. As a result, we create governments to maintain control. Obviously there is no such thing as a perfect government, and there will never be a perfect government. However, there are some methods of governing that come extremely close to achieving an ideal government. John Locke offers a way of governing, which I believe comes remarkably close to creating a flawless gov ernment. John Locke constructs a government that is controlled by the will of the people, which canRead MoreThomas Hobbes And John Locke911 Words   |  4 PagesTreatise of Civil Government, respectively. In this paper I will argue the differences between how each of them viewed the right of the subjects to revolt from the sovereign. Thomas Hobbes published his most famous work, Leviathan, during the height of the English Civil War. This was possibly the most violent and chaotic time in all of British history, and is certainly reflected in Hobbes’ writing. He introduces his view on the state of nature, that is, society without government, as a state of warRead MoreDefining Characteristics Of The New Zealand Constitution1450 Words   |  6 PagesPublic Law: Defining Characteristics of the New Zealand Constitution ID: 62952639 A constitution revolves around public power. It is the body of law that creates and regulates the application of the powers . The nature and application of these powers are the one of the most fundamental components of an evolved society. NZ has a number of unique and defining characteristics to its constitution, the origins of these powers and their application have far reaching consequences for the people of NewRead MoreEssay on Modern Western Political Thought1157 Words   |  5 Pagesinto a state of nature. In this state of nature man has complete freedom. Rousseau defines this freedom as physical freedom, because man has the ability to whatever he physically pleases and is only guided by his impulses and instincts. By joining a civil society man gains the rationality to restrain his actions and preserves himself by removing himself from the state of nature, in which everything is determined by force. Since Rousseau believes man is born into a state of nature and subsequentlyRea d MoreApplication of the Analytical School of Justice1805 Words   |  7 PagesINDIAN CONSTITUTIONAL LAW: APPLICATION OF ANALYTICAL SCHOOL John Austin is the inspiration of the Analytical School, which in turn drew his inspiration from Hobbes, and Bentham. According to Austin law is a command given by a superior to an inferior and enforced by material sanctions. Positive law is a creation of sovereign. It emphasizes that the sovereign is a superior and commands of the sovereign is law, and disobedience of commands is accompanied by punishment. Law is the expression ofRead MoreJohn Locke and Thomas Hobbes Essay1077 Words   |  5 PagesThomas Hobbes both believe that men are equal in the state of nature, but their individual opinions about equality lead them to propose fundamentally different methods of proper civil governance. Locke argues that the correct form of civil government should be concerned with the common good of the people, and defend the citizenry’s rights to life, health, liberty, and personal possessions. Hobbes argues that the proper form of civil government must have an overarching ruler governing the people in orderRead MoreHobbes Leviath Human Desire1553 Words   |  7 Pagesman’s nature is given an arguably pessimistic description by Hobbes, â€Å"So that in the first place, I put for a general inclination of all mankind, a perpetual and restle ss desire of power after power, that ceaseth only in death† (58). This conclusion of man’s nature comes as the logical end point of his discussion of bodies in motion, power and other aspects of human nature. The description of man’s nature by Hobbes’ also becomes the fundamental base for his argument for the state of nature beingRead MoreThomas Hobbes And The Social Contract Theory1088 Words   |  5 PagesThe United States Constitution established America s national government and fundamental laws and guaranteed certain basic rights for its citizens it was signed on September 17th 1787 by delegates to the Constitution convention in Philadelphia presided over by George Washington. Although other countries have changed their Constitution over years the United States Constitution has been kept the same. The Leviathan, Two Treatises, and the Declaration of Independence serve as underpinnings of the Read MoreOrder In A Civic Society Is Kept By A Great Many A gents1733 Words   |  7 Pagesselfish motivation disastrous whereas the latter thought it fundamental towards maintaining the solvency of the country. The origin of their differing conclusions is found in their respective interpretations of the end a government is meant to serve; to the republican Machiavelli, the government is a means to individual liberty through political participation, while the absolutist Hobbes believed the sovereign, acting as the government, is the provider of security and freedom from â€Å"continuall feareRead MorePhilosophers: Niccolo Machiavelli, John Locke and Karl Marx885 Words   |  4 Pagesprominent forms of government in the world. Through their literature they have created a huge wave of revolutionary ideas that exist in the several forms of government to this day. On one hand, Machiavelli advocates political absolutism. It is a form of government in which the governed accept the powers granted to a single ruler usually vested in a king or an emperor by divine manifestation. On the other hand, both Locke and Marx contradict the Machiavellian ideology of government. In contrast, Locke

Thursday, December 19, 2019

Traumatic Brain Injury - 1030 Words

My objective in the long term is to provide therapeutic and counseling services that assist persons suffering with traumatic brain injury (TBI) or acquired brain injury (ABI) in coping and recovering from the mental illnesses that often accompany such tragedies. TBI/ABI has shown a proven link with â€Å"anxiety, depression, personality changes, aggression (National Alliance on Mental Illness Veterans Resource Center May 8, 2009 Traumatic Brain Injury)†, as well as many other issues. As the caregiver for a survivor of a rare and deadly strain of encephalitis, I have a personal perspective that I feel brings much to the discussion. I see the information I am currently gathering at Empire State College as the building blocks that pave the way†¦show more content†¦Courses such as Human Development, Theories of Personality and Abnormal Psychology have already started to drive my love/hate relationship with the founding fathers of the profession. For example, during Hu man Development I discovered David Cohen’s Freud On Coke which completely changed my impression and interpretation of Freud’s conclusions. I hope again to wrestle with him during Dreams: Multi-Disciplinary/Multicultured Exploration. I also hope to use courses like Homework as Self-Help to further my understanding of CBT and DBT therapy techniques that I can build on as my education continues. Courses such as Health Psychology and Positive Psychology seem to play right into helping patients with TBI and ABI who struggle with anxiety and depression. Integrative Wellness: Body, Mind and Spirit and Psychosocial Impact of Illness Disability also relate directly. Living with an ABI survivor, I can see the importance of courses like The Psychology of Forgiveness as well. Guilt and anger are both very difficult emotions involved in the recovery process. Motivation and Emotion seem to play a role in this as well. In an effort to ensure that my plan will meet the goals expected, I have researched the American Psychological Association website, the Empire State College website, The University of Texas at San Antonio’s program, theShow MoreRelatedA Traumatic Brain Injury 1708 Words   |  7 PagesA traumatic brain injury (â€Å"TBI†) occurs when the brain is somehow injured, rattled, or wounded from an external source of force. The means of acquisition and the severity of TBIs are unique to each patient; therefore, symptoms and rehabilitation can vary greatly depending on the patient’s condition following the incident and how they sustained the injury. The severity of a TBI is generally classified into one of three categories: mild, moderate, or severe, and this type of diagnostic criteria influencesRead MoreTraumatic Brain Injuries772 Words   |  4 PagesEffects may be long term or short term, depending on the gravity of the incident. Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) is a se rious public health problem in the United States. Based on recent studies, on average, 1.7 million people endure a traumatic brain injury each year. The leading causes of Traumatic Brain Injuries are falls, motor vehicle accidents, struck by or against objects, and assaults. The initial blow causes the brain to bounce around and twist hitting the bony interior wall of the skull or anRead MoreTraumatic Brain Injury Essay1243 Words   |  5 PagesTraumatic Brain Injury Traumatic brain injury, also called acquired brain injury or simply head injury, is a result of a sudden blow to the head when an external force is applied causing a disruption of the physiological stability of the brain locally. It can also occur when an object pierces the skull and enters the brain tissue and when elevation in the intracranial pressure occurs and potentially dramatic changes in the blood flow within and to the brain. These changes may produce a diminishedRead MoreSymptoms And Injuries Of A Traumatic Brain Injury841 Words   |  4 Pages Nearly two million people experience a traumatic brain injury (TBI) every year. The degree of severity from the incident may range from no underlying brain injury to severe compression of brain tissue. Irregular interior surface of skull can damage fragile tissues of brain during acceleration, deceleration, or shearing forces. Direct mechanical trauma can injure cortical tissue. Traumatic hematomas can damage subcortical structu res and lead to vasospasm and ischemia. Sudden movement of skull onRead MoreTraumatic Brain Injury Essay1046 Words   |  5 PagesInjury Stats Roughly 1.4 million people sustain a traumatic brain injury every year in the United States.1 Of these 1.4 million, 235,000 injuries are severe enough to require hospitalization—and 50,000 result in death. More than half (over 700,000) of all of these yearly brain injuries are from sports-related activities, falls, and physical assaults. In the year 2000, traumatic brain injury cost an estimated $60 billion in the United States, totaled in both direct medical fees and indirect costsRead MoreIntroduction Of Traumatic Brain Injury897 Words   |  4 PagesOutline I. The Brain II. Introduction of Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) a. TBI sustained in combat zones i. Degrees of TBI ii. Causes of TBI while deployed 1. Concussion management iii. Why it is a problem III. Who Should Be Screened And How a. Suspected patients b. Methods of screening i. Rapid field screening ii. Further evaluation IV. Interventions and Treatment a. Deployed interventions i. Medications b. Nursing Interventions i. Manage symptoms ii. Family education. The human brain is a scientificRead MoreBrain Studies on Traumatic Brain Injuries1953 Words   |  8 Pagesfrom a traumatic brain injury. While working at a railroad site, an iron tamping rod (43 inches long, 1.25 diameter) went through his left cheek, through his brain, and out the skull. He surprisingly ended up surviving this traumatic injury. After a month in the hospital, he was back out on the street. Once a nice, caring person, Phineas turned into an aggressive man who could not even keep a job. Just like Phineas Gage, a TBI can potentially change everything. Brain studies on traumatic brain injuriesRead MoreTraumatic Effects Of Traumatic Brain Injury1278 Words   |  6 PagesTraumatic Brain Injury Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) is one of the most common causes of death and long-term disability in children (Kraus, 1995). It is an acquired brain injury that occurs when a sudden trauma causes damage to the brain (NIH,2016). The symptoms for Traumatic Brain Injury include frequent headaches, lightheadedness and dizziness. An individual may experience having blurred vision tired eyes, and fatigue. Even stressors prior to having an injury can contribute to the result of postRead MoreImaging Of Traumatic Brain Injuries Essay1585 Words   |  7 PagesImaging of Traumatic Brain Injuries: An Investigative Report INTRODUCTION Traumatic brain injuries (TBI) consist of pathological intracranial characteristics of altered brain function cause by an outside force. TBI’s have plagued emergency rooms in recent years. TBI’s are the number one cause for death and disability in American youth and young adults. The drastic increase in TBI prognosis has been credited for reasons such as; increased competitiveness in sports, increased speeds of automobilesRead MoreEssay on Traumatic Brain Injury1034 Words   |  5 PagesTraumatic brain injury occurs when a person is hit in the head with a blunt force. This significant force to the head can happen playing recreational sports, on the playground, being in a car or motorcycle accident, falling down at home and your head impacting something, a blast or explosion. Traumatic brain injuries are also the leading cause of fatality rate and disability, especially in children, young adults and elderly. TBI is a devastating condition that affects millions of p eople nationwide

Wednesday, December 11, 2019

MAtrix Essay Example For Students

MAtrix Essay The Matrix Interweaves much symbolism, mythology, philosophy, and psychology. On the surface, the movie challenges the dominance of technology in our culture and predicts an apocalyptic result from the use of artificial intelligence. Yet, behind the human struggle for survival is a mythical backdrop upon which are backlit some of C.G. Jungs basic ideas regarding the human psyche. These Jungian ideas include the ego-Self relationship and how it relates to the persona, the shadow, individuation, and the transcendent function. The earth has been decimated due to a battle for control of the earth between the AIs and humans; the Matrix camouflages this decimation. Humans are artificially created and sustained by the AI superstructure. Then they are plugged into a computer. A computer program generates a simulated reality called the Matrix. Humans live their lives in this computer-generated reality, but this reality is only in their minds. In fact, humans are kept in mechanical eggs filled with an amniotic-like fluid. The AI infrastructure keeps humans alive to tap the energy they produce. The strangers are a group of humans who have escaped the Matrix. Their leader is named Morpheus. Neo is believed by Morpheus to be the savior, The One (The Matrix). An oracle (also an escaped human) predicted long ago that a savior would come, a sort of second coming, and that he would be able to see through the Matrix and bring it down. The oracle told Morpheus that he would find The One. One question, which threads through the movie, is whether or not Neo is The One. Neo is asleep at his desk at home in one of the first scenes. A computer monitor next to him flashes repeatedly the simple text: Wake up Neo (The Matrix). The message is an instruction from the Self. The sleeping man is in ego mode, a symptom of an egocentric psyche. He is unaware of the possibility that there is something else besides the ego and he has not yet awoken to the possibility that there is another world o utside of the persona he lives behind. The theme of Neo as a Jesus Christ figure plays throughout the movie. In Edingers opinion, Christ was a figure who represented the individuating ego. The image of Christ, and the rich network of symbolism which has gathered around him, provide many parallels to the individuation process. When the Christian myth is examined carefully in the light of analytical psychology, the conclusion is inescapable that the underlying meaning of Christianity is the quest for individuation (131). The reference to Jesus Christ in this scene implies that Neo represents the human psyche beginning the individuation process. Neo meets a woman named Trinity at the party. Trinity tells Neo that she is aware of his desire to know what the Matrix is. Its the question that brought you here. What is the Matrix? (The Matrix). Trinity is the one who will lead him towards the underworld. Jung called the her a soul figure, one that occupies an area or boundary between the pe rsonal unconscious and the collective unconscious. Trinity is also associated with a persons calling or fate. Trinity, as a three figure, is incomplete. Jung writes, the number three is not a natural expression of wholeness, since four represents the minimum number of determinants in a whole judgment (Storr 275). Jung believed that the number four represented wholeness in the human psyche. If one were to re-arrange the name Neo slightly, it would be the word one The separateness of the numbers one and the three in the movie, of Neo and Trinity, represent an incompleteness in the human psyche. As we shall see, the joining of Neo and Trinity is what effects the change necessary for Neo to overcome his adversaries at the end of the film. Early resistance of the ego characters occurs after Neos initial recruitment by Morpheus group. Neo has a meeting with his manager after arriving late to work. His manager says, You have a problem with authority, Mr. Anderson (The Matrix). Neo is his alias as a computer hacker; his name in the real world is Thomas Anderson. The manager tells Mr. Anderson in no uncertain terms that he will lose his job if he is late again. The manager is an ego defense mechanism attempting to re-gain control over Neos distraction of the intrusion by the unconscious (Trinity). Ironically, during this scene, window washers are cleaning the windows on this high-rise building, which distracts Neo. I believe that the window-washing image implies that he is getting some clarity and that he sees things a bit more clearly. The stakes are raised higher as AI agents arrive (more ego defenses) to take in Mr. Anderson for questioning. Morpheus attempts to help; he calls Neo on a cell phone and attempts to direct him out of the building before the agents can get to him. This is a conflict between the unconscious figure represented by Morpheus and the ego defenses represented by the AI agents. The AI agents capture Neo. The agents names are Smith, Brown, and Jones. I believe that these common names imply a collective face of society lacking in individuality. They are de fenses of the ego, there to keep Neo under control so he doesnt discover what is really happening. He is interrogated in a, bland room with yellowed fluorescent lighting. Agent Smith tells Neo that he has two personalities. One personality is a tax-paying citizen who goes to work everyday. The other personality is a computer hacker who has broken every hacker law imaginable (The Matrix). Hes told that one of his personalities has a future and the other does not. Its his choice. This split of Neo and Mr. Anderson also demonstrates Jungs concept of the persona. The persona is a complicated system of relations between individual consciousness and society, fittingly enough a kind of mask, designed on the one hand to make a definite impression upon others, and, on the other, to conceal the true nature of the individual (Storr 94). The persona is a public sense a self, the self that an individual displays to the world. Everybody has a persona, but if one believes that the persona is all t hat ones personality is composed of, then the individual is too adjusted to the outer world and not enough to their inner world. In this case, Mr. Anderson is the persona, the mask worn by Neo in the outer world. Neo meets Morpheus face to face. He is a black man and represents a figure of the shadow, another Jungian concept. The shadow is a part of the personal unconscious that retains discarded parts of the personality. Oftentimes the shadow contains parts of the personality that have not been accepted by parental or authority figures during childhood. Thus, the shadow tends to contain aspects that are uncomfortable for persons to face or relate to. The shadow aspects may be considered immoral from the viewpoint of the ego, which tends to consider itself of the highest morals. The shadow is merely somewhat inferior, primitive, unadapted, and awkward, not wholly bad (Storr 90). Consider the reconciliation of opposites, the ego and the shadow, to be a difficult but significant task for individuals. The shadow binds up personal energy; becoming aware of the shadow and integrating its aspects allows the psyche to free up more psychic energy. This allows for changes and a broadening of the personality. The shadow characters name Morpheus implies change. When Neo meets Morpheus and chooses to find out what the Matrix is, he is choosing to face his shadow and to change. Morpheus goes on to describe what the Matrix is. He says, The Matrix is all around us. Its like projected psyche created by man. It has been pulled over your eyes to shield you from the truth (The Matrix). The Matrix is a psychic reality created by the AI creatures that control earth. The psychic reality is projected into the minds of the humans who actually live like fetuses inside these egg-like containers. Humans experience what they perceive to be reality, but in fact is only a reality created by a computer to keep humans satisfied. Thus, the agents of the ego (AI) are responsible for projecting a false world, a front, in order to control humans. The ultimate goal of the AI creatures is to reap the energy that humans naturally produce to keep the AI infrastructure operative. The Matrix is a description of psychic projection. In Jacobi, she defines projection as: the unconscious, automatic extrapolation of a psychic content into an object, as an attribute of which it then appears to us. He projects everything that is unconscious in man into an object situated outside his ego, so that the phenomenon of projection is a part of the natural life of the psyche, a part of human nature itself (48n). For example, shadow contents are often projected onto others. A Christian perceive that someone who does not accept Jesus Christ as their savior to be demonic or evil; these feelings of evil or demonism that a fundamentalist perceives as belonging to others are their own feelings or emotions of evil projected from their personal shadow. For years, during the rule of the Soviet Union an d the Cold War, citizens of the United States projected their collective shadow or collective feelings of evil onto citizens of the Soviet Union. During the colonization of Africa, Europeans projected their primitive shadows onto the black Africans they encountered, assuming the Africans to be uncivilized and animal-like. The ego is oftentimes unaware that projections are occurring. The humans that the AI creatures control are also unaware that the Matrix exists. The humans physically live in a womb-like, pre-birth status but in their minds perceive reality as the Matrix. This state of existence is like the pre-individuated ego, before the birth of awareness of the Self. In the film, Neo is released from his womb with the assistance of Morpheus and his comrades. The lid of the egg opens, he raises his head, covered in thick clear liquid, and he looks around. He finds himself in an enormous grid of countless eggs occupied by humans. A series of cords pop from his spine and a long met al tip is pulled from the back of his skull. He then slides down a tube and lands in a pool of water. He nearly drowns, but is pulled up, through a trap door, dripping wet, into the Nebuchadnezzar, the underwater ship that Morpheus and his group live in. This scene is filled with images of a painful separation and re-birth that leads to a path of individuation for Neo. Jung wrote, conscious and unconscious do not make a whole when one of them is suppressed and injured by the otherBoth are aspects of lifeThis means open conflict and collaboration at oneIt is the old game of hammer and anvil: between them, the patient iron is forged into an indestructible whole, an individual'(Storr 225). In Jungs words, it individuation is a process or course of development arising out of the conflict between the two fundamental psychic facts (Storr 225). The two psychic factors he referred to were the conscious and unconscious. It is also important to note that Jung considered individuation a lifelo ng process, not a task with a definite end. Neos path of individuation passes through a painful re-birth process. It leaves him feeling alienated from his former sense of reality. Whenever a man consciously encounters a divine agency which assists, commands, or directs, we can understand it as an encounter of the ego with the Self. The encounter generally occurs in the wilderness or in a fugitive state, i.e., alienation (Edinger 70). It takes time for Neo to recover from his shock of his new understanding of the world. His thought patterns are turned inside out. His muscles and mind have atrophied. Neo is cared for and nursed back to health by Morpheus group. Even his eyes are not working properly. Neo asks, Why are my eyes so sore? The answer: Because youve never used them before (The Matrix). Hes now developing an eye toward his inner world. Once Neo physically recovers, he is trained and taught many new skills by Morpheus gang. This gang represents figures from the personal uncon scious. But there is also a group of freed humans who live deep inside the earths core in a human community named Zion. Zion is only talked about and never seen in the film. The Zion of historical times is described as symbolic of heaven or Gods dwelling-place with his people (Columbia Encyclopedia 3042). Zion is symbolic of the Self. The Self is a central organizing principle and is the central archetype of the human psyche. Edinger described the Self as the self-ordering and unifying center of the total psyche (conscious and unconscious) (3). Also, the Self is the seat of objective identity. The Self is thus the supreme psychic authority and subordinates the ego to it (3). The Self is connected with themes such as wholeness, totality, the union of opposites, the central generative point, the world navel, the axis of the universe (4). In a religious sense, the Self is the god-image. . Neo, Morpheus group, Zion, and even the AI agents are parts of the Self since the Self is the tot ality of psychic existence. Yet the central archetype of the movie is Zion. Like an archetype, it is never directly experienced, but it is the ordering principal and force behind the renegade acts of the free humans. The near final scene in the movie features a one on one battle between Neo and an AI agent. The agent shoots Neo several times. Neo slumps to the floor and dies. He has no heartbeat. Trinity, his soul figure, reveals to Neo that he must be The One because the oracle told her that she would fall in love with The One. Since she loves him, he must be The One. She kisses him. He resurrects and comes back to life. Neo rejoins the battle and his mind is freed of believing that the reality projected by the Matrix is real. He sees through the projection, sees through the imagined power of the agents, and finally destroys the Agent who had killed him. I believe that this scene is interesting for two reasons. One, it joins Trinity and Neo together, forming a four, as well as join ing the feminine and masculine. The number four symbolizes wholeness in the human psyche. Two, the scene demonstrates Jungs transcendent function. Jung discusses how the knowledge of symbols is indispensable, for it is in them that the union of conscious and unconscious is consummated. Out of this union emerge new situations and new conscious attitudes. I have therefore called the union of opposites the transcendent function' (Storr 226). Neo has battled the AI agents before but they have outwitted him. He is limited by his previous projections of them as power figures. The kiss, symbolically a transcendent function, joins him with Trinity in a union of the opposites and forming a four, wholeness. He transcends his previous limitations and is able to see the AI agents for what they are. He withdraws his projections, restores the personal power previously projected onto the agents, and finally defeats the AI agents. The final scene of the film shows Neo in a telephone booth (superman figure?). This is his message to the AI infrastructure: I know youre out there. I can feel you now. I know that youre afraid. Youre afraid of us. Youre afraid of change. I dont know the future. I didnt come here to tell you how its going to end. I came here to tell you how its going to begin. Im going to hang up this phone and show people what you dont want them to see. Im going to show them a world without you. A world without rules and controls, without borders or boundaries. A world where anything is possible. Where we go from here is a choice I leave to you (The Matrix). Neo has become an individuated ego. He negotiated a series of challenging psychic experiences to grow out of his former egocentric attitude. His statement speaks of an awareness of the ego as well as a sense of Self. He even refers to the ego field as scared and seems to be compassionate of the egos fear. But he wants to live without the rules and control of the ego. Works Cited Chernow, Barbara and Vallasi, Ge orge, eds. The Columbia Encyclopedia. 5th Ed. Columbia UP, 1993. Edinger, Edward F. Ego and Archetype. Boston: Shambhala, 1992. Jacobi, Jolande. Complex/Archetype/Symbol in the Psychology of C.G. Jung. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton UP, 1974. Jung, C.G. The Essential Jung. Ed. A. Storr. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton UP, 1983. . Memories, Dreams, Reflections. New York: Vintage, 1961. The Matrix. Dir. Larry and Andy Wachowski. Perf. Keanu Reeves, Laurence Fishburne. Warner Brothers, 1999.

Tuesday, December 3, 2019

The Portrayal Of Men In Female Authored free essay sample

Text By Maxine Hong Kingston, And Zora Neale Hurston Essay, Research Paper The novels, Their Eyess Were Watching God by Zora Neale Hurston, and The Woman Warrior by Maxine Hong Kingston are two plants by female writers which celebrate the individualism and strength of adult females. In both instances, the characters portrayed in the novels are blunt contrasts to both the typical females and males depicted in both early and modern-day plants by many male writers. In the two pieces of literature, adult females struggle to stay steadfast in their impressions of dignity, and can go independent if the demand or chance arises. What makes this inner-strength so astonishing is that the adult females in the novels are populating in societies which characterize their full sex as simply otiose components-a impression that is compounded by the beliefs of their several African American and Chinese cultural communities. However, merely as female characters in books written by male writers are normally illustrations of suppressing and destructive forces to the independent , yet responsible male, in these two books written by female writers, the work forces are conversely portrayed as the constraining, if non catastrophic forces for the female. We will write a custom essay sample on The Portrayal Of Men In Female Authored or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In Their Eyess Were Watching God three work forces try to restrain and finally destroy Janie through both their actions and the infliction of their male chauvinist, yet socially-accepted positions. However, Hurston # 8217 ; s alone portraiture of this independent black adult female will non let her to yield to their prohibitory force per unit area. Janie # 8217 ; s first hubby, Logan is the typically idealised mate of most male- , and even some female-created literature. He is the protagonist of the household and with him Janie will desire for nil, including a life of her ain. Logan expects a married woman who will love, award, and obey. Without to the full cognizing her or what she can offer, he expects her to appreciate him for carry throughing what he saw as his responsibility # 8220 ; tuh work and feed yah # 8221 ; ( 29 ) . While this oft excepted impression of a # 8216 ; good adult male # 8217 ; -and a adult female whose merely # 8220 ; topographic point # 8221 ; is # 8 220 ; wherever Ah need yuh # 8221 ; ( 30 ) -is characteristic of male-written literature, it has rather a different turn in Hurston # 8217 ; s book. Alternatively of Janie giving in to his suppressive ideals, she rather easy leaves him for another whom she believes to be less constricting and more willing to seek new things, and possesses what she believes is a new position. Possibly the most lurid contrast of Hurston # 8217 ; s portraiture of the one time typical and idealised provider-husband to that of other authors is Logan # 8217 ; s evident deficiency of strength. While Logan # 8217 ; s character, if written by a male, might hold said and done the same things as Hurtson # 8217 ; s Logan, his fright of losing Janie, symbolized in his half-sob/half-cry disapprobation of her ( 30 ) shows that all of the relationship # 8217 ; s power did non lie with him, as male authors might hold us believe. Alternatively, much like Thomas Hardy # 8217 ; s Henchard in The Mayor of Caster bridge believed that he could make much better without the hinderance of a married woman and kid, so did Hurston # 8217 ; s Janie believe that she could make better without her # 8216 ; perfect # 8217 ; hubby to restrain her. In both instances, one with a male supporter written by a male, and the other with a female supporter and female author, the chief character proved to be right in their premise. Janie # 8217 ; s 2nd hubby Jody turned out to be out of the blue much like the first, but even more suppressive in some ways. While Logan chiefly wanted Janie to plight to him her deathless gratitude for his proposal, Jody expected Janie # 8217 ; s grasp in add-on to her conformance to a position quo that was set by Jody himself. As city manager of the town in which they resided, Jody required that his married woman maintain a certain high quality and withdrawal from the general residence. This edict, combined with certain criterions for her day-to-day visual aspect, sufficiently alienated Janie from the general populace, and attempted to farther smother her as an person. Although Janie herself believed that her old ages with Jody had caused all the battle to be # 8220 ; gone from her psyche # 8221 ; ( 72 ) one time he was gone, her ain personality and desires rapidly resurfaced. Jody, merely like Logan, was the traditional # 8216 ; good adult male # 8217 ; . He saw that Janie was taken attention of, and even took away her demand to show herself in day-to-day interactions by ordering her needed actions. He allowed Janie to populate the perfect life her grandma had envisioned for her-to get # 8220 ; up on uh high chair and sit dere # 8221 ; ( 109 ) . This was the life that society believes most adult females merely dream approximately. This superficial end mirrors Charles Perrault and his Sleeping Beauty who wishes one twenty-four hours for her prince to come. While this impression that a adult male is necessary to finish a adult female, Hurston, portrays Jody, merely like Logan to be a confining influence on Janie. The extent of her freedom and felicity after Jody is no longer able to command her, is apparent through her actions instantly following his decease. She took down her hair, and gazed at the adult female she had become-finally free of male influences in her life to order her actions and her desires. Once once more, this adult male that would t raditionally be a symbol of strength and success was brought down by Hurtson # 8217 ; s portraiture of his minutes of failing. Because Janie absorbed all of Jody # 8217 ; s mental and physical blows and went on with her life while Jody # 8217 ; s wellness declined after Janie # 8217 ; s one onslaught on his manhood, Hurston successfully paints Janie as the stronger individual. Through Janie # 8217 ; s foremost two hubbies, the contrast in the image of the traditional, strong male supplier to their existent failings and dependance on Janie for her support greatly contradicts the more positive male icon in plants by male writers. Janie # 8217 ; s concluding hubby, Tea Cake, proves to be really different from the first two and a much more positive influence on Janie, but however, has the possible to be the most destructive force in her life. Tea Cake grants her freedom to prosecute all of the recreational activities that life with Jody prohibited, such as fishing and hunting. Because Tea Cake grants her the freedom to make what she wishes and does non demand her grasp in return, Janie feels as though she has eventually had the opportunity to happen # 8220 ; out about livin # 8217 ; fuh [ herself ] # 8221 ; ( 183 ) . What Hurston, through Janie # 8217 ; s penchants, portrays as the ideal adult male is antithetical to that created by the society both in her novel and in existent life. While Tea Cake does non suit society # 8217 ; s impression of a # 8216 ; good adult male # 8217 ; or the cast set Forth by earlier authors because he can non supply for a adult female every bit readily as Jody and Logan, he still remains the strongest of her three hubbies. While he admits to Janie that he believes she is a adult female fantastic plenty to # 8220 ; do uh adult male forgit tuh git old and forgit tuh dice # 8221 ; ( 132 ) , her disapproval of one thing or another does non do him to interrupt into cryings or allow his organic structure succumb to a disease. Although while he is alive, Tea Cake appears to back up her more than hinder her growing as a individual, at least in the eyes of Janie, his effort to kill her is another representation by Hurston of the destructive influence of even the apparently best of work forces. Because Janie was able to protect herself, and unluckily was forced to kill him as a consequence, the writer showed one time once more that adult females are able to last on their ain, and should non necessitate to give of themselves merely to pacify their male opposite number. All throughout Their Eyess Were Watching God, Janie, and all of her hubbies seem to withstand the traditional functions set for them-the work forces, strong yet inhibited by a married woman who needs changeless protection and support, and the adult female, content with a faithful adult male who sees that all of her secular demands are met. While this portraiture of work forces contrasts greatly with that in earlier books by male writers, it has unluckily become the paradigm of most males in positively female-centered plants. Although representative of society at the clip of the writer, and even slightly representative of the present twenty-four hours, work forces in female-written plants appear to acquire as unfavourable word pictures as most adult females in plants written by work forces. In Maxine Hong Kingston # 8217 ; s The Woman Warrior, the demanding and tyrannizing male characters are merely every bit prevailing as in Hurston # 8217 ; s piece, as are adult females characters who break the casts set for them in a assortment of state of affairss. In her novel, the male characters invariably undermine the worth of the adult females, but the adult females must make up ones mind either to accept and internalise their belittlement, or withstand their preset criterions and excel. While the adult females portrayed vary from a self-destructive colza victim to a war hero, the work forces in each of the narratives remain the most influential factor in the adult females # 8217 ; s lives. The No Name Woman # 8217 ; s determination to perpetrate self-destruction, for illustration, is the direct consequence of the mistreatment and expatriate by the community, precipitated by the original male culprit who did non value the life or felicity of the adult female he violated. M u Lan, is an illustration of a adult female who, out of filial love, chose to be strong and lead to victory work forces who would kill her if they discovered that she was non one of them. In Kingston # 8217 ; s novel, the attitudes of the work forces involved were much more rough than those of Hurtson # 8217 ; s adversaries. Although they are portrayed in really different ways, the constraining and destructive forces that work forces exert on adult females are merely every bit obvious in The Woman Warrior as Their Eyes Were Watching God. In both novels, the reader learns the most about male characters through their interactions with the females-characters whose inmost thoughts we are allowed to read. Because of this narrow position of work forces in the two plants, we are more likely to comprehend the work forces every bit unfavourably as do the female characters who feel victimized by their suppressive intervention. While the perceptual experience of the work forces through this nonreversible position may be every bit accurate as any that we would make as a consequence of more in-depth exposure, we must maintain in head that in many ways the portraiture of work forces in books by female writers is really similar to that of adult females in books written by work forces. In both instances one gender is portrayed as an noticeable force hindering some facet of the other # 8217 ; s personal development, economic success, or felicity in general. In Hurston and Kingston # 8217 ; s novels, work forces are portrayed as a more negative than positive force on the females they interact with, nevertheless, their intervention of the adult females and attitudes toward them however help the adult females define themselves. In the two plants, this definition seems to come approximately in two ways-either through conforming to the male # 8217 ; s positions and thereby going a merchandise of their sentiments, or through the rebellion against a negative stereotype in which the adult female can go the antithesis of the original male position. In Kingston # 8217 ; s novel, the strong male forces at work on the different adult females through the episodes of the # 8220 ; No Name Woman # 8221 ; , # 8220 ; Shaman # 8221 ; , and even # 8220 ; White Tigers # 8221 ; and the storyteller # 8217 ; s ain life serve chiefly to do the adult females to value themselves more as a retainer to the work forces they encounter than as a valuable ani mal themselves. In Hurston # 8217 ; s novel, Janie finds herself continually withstanding the predetermined criterion for her life and gets closest to # 8216 ; happening herself # 8217 ; when she is with a less-domineering, and therefore less-traditional male figure. While the drastically differing cultural contexts contribute to the differences in the adult females # 8217 ; s reactions, the function of the male as an highly influential factor seems to epitomize the engagement of males in both books, every bit good as others by female authors. Through the portraiture of male characters in The Woman Warrior and Their Eyes Were Watching God the writers open a new position on the function of males in the lives of adult females. The typical word picture of work forces in novels related to adult females is that of the strong, nurturing supplier, who is non without mistake, but nevertheless towers above his female opposite numbers for his independency and willingness to back up the adult females in his life. The plants by these two female writers challenge this idealised perceptual experience. Hurston attacks the undermining of female efficaciousness as invalid and unneeded, while Kingston portrays adult females and misss who could be strong in themselves, but however adhere to the unyielding and unsafe counsel of world. Although both writers shine a well more negative visible radiation on the influence of males in the lives of adult females, they do win in opening the door for a more critical, and possibly even more accurate re presentation of males in modern-day literature.